1 Running head : UPWARD COMPARISONS IN THE CLASSROOM 2 3 4 5
نویسندگان
چکیده
2 Studies investigating social comparison in the classroom have lead to contradictory results 3 concerning upward comparison effects. Research demonstrates that they can lead either to 4 enhancing student’s academic performance without influencing his/her self-concept or to 5 decreasing student’s academic self-concept through Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect (i.e., BFLPE) 6 . Our study tries to reconcile these results by further investigating social comparison effects 7 relative to various frames of reference according to Stapel and Suls (2004) postulates. Effects 8 of implicit or explicit social comparison on student’s self-concept and performance in 9 Physical Education classes were thus considered simultaneously in the same study. Multilevel 10 modelling analyses results demonstrate simultaneously positive and negative effects 11 depending on the outcome and on the explicitness or implicitness of frame of reference 12 considered. Counterbalancing the negative effects of the class-average level demonstrated in 13 BFLPE studies, our results clearly support for assimilation effects of the small group 14 comparison explicitly selected by the student on both self-concept and performance. 15
منابع مشابه
Rankings , standards , and competition : Task vs . scale comparisons q
Research showing how upward social comparison breeds competitive behavior has so far conflated local comparisons in task performance (e.g. a test score) with comparisons on a more general scale (i.e. an underlying skill). Using a ranking methodology (Garcia, Tor, & Gonzalez, 2006) to separate task and scale comparisons, Studies 1–2 reveal that an upward comparison on the scale (e.g. being surpa...
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